In the pharmacology laboratory, practical activities or research involve preclinical testing of the pharmacological effects, toxic effects, and pharmacokinetics of a drug/substance derived from plants or animals using test animals such as rats, mice, guinea pigs, or rabbits. The laboratory is equipped with cages for test animals commonly used in research and is furnished with equipment such as an Elisa Reader, micropipette, centrifuge, spin-down, vortex, analytical balance, magnetic stirrer, and hotplate.